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さて、スクリーンショットの問題を見て、ここにあなたのコードがあります。Mysql PDO - データベース定数の宣言
私はmysqlとPDOオブジェクトを使ってプロジェクトを進めています。 functions.phpの関数のうちの2つを使用する必要があるreports.phpを開始するまで、すべてが期待どおりに機能していました。問題は、データベース定数がすでに定義されているため、エラーが表示されます。 db_connection.phpという名前の外部接続ファイルを必要とするすべての機能に含めるため、この問題が発生していることがわかります。
各関数内のincludeをinclude_onceまたはrequire_onceに変更しようとしましたが、$ conn変数（接続の呼び出し方法）が定義されていないというエラーが表示され、execute（） 、prepare（）、query（）メソッドは、データベースステートメントのいずれも定義されていません。
db_connection.phpファイルのコードを関数に組み込み、functions.phpの先頭に置き、ちょうどmy $ conn変数に作成した関数を割り当てようとしました。
PDOを使用してデータベース接続を2回宣言する方法を知っている人はいますか？
は
<?php
define('DB_SERVER', "localhost");
define('DB_USER', "tracker_userr");
define('DB_PASSWORD', "tracker_passs");
define('DB_DATABASE', "tracker");
define('DB_DRIVER', "mysql");
?>
CSS
.required {
&:after {
content: " *";
color: red;
}
}
.addLink {
color: #645180;
margin-bottom: 10px;
display: block;
}
.submit {
border: 0;
background-color: #645180;
color: white;
width:100%;
margin: 15px 0;
padding:5px;
}
#content {
padding: 3% 0;
h1 {
text-align:center;
}
}
ul.projectList,
ul.taskList {
list-style: none;
border: .5em solid white;
padding:15px 0;
li {
background-color: white;
border-bottom: 1px solid #b2b2b2;
padding: 5 15px;
&:last-child {
border-bottom: 0;
}
}
}
table {
width: 40%;
margin:0 auto;
td {
padding: .2rem .2rem;
}
}
thead > tr> td {
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #cebece;
}
.totalReportTime > th {
background-color: #632c62;
color: white;
}
....それは私のためにそれをしないので、私は....コードはすべてが明確になり、願って、ありがとう
<?php
function connect_to_db() {
define('DB_SERVER', "localhost");
define('DB_USER', "tracker_user");
define('DB_PASSWORD', "tracker_pass");
define('DB_DATABASE', "tracker");
define('DB_DRIVER', "mysql");
try {
$conn = new PDO(DB_DRIVER . ":dbname=" . DB_DATABASE . ";host=" . DB_SERVER, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD);
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
//echo "Connected successfully";
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}
return $conn;
}
function get_projects_list() {
// include 'db_connection.php';
$conn = connect_to_db();
try {
return $conn->query("SELECT * FROM projects");
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo 'Error:' . $e->getMessage() . "<br />";
return array();
}
}
function get_tasks_list($filter = null) {
// include 'db_connection.php';
$conn = connect_to_db();
$sql = 'SELECT tasks.*, projects.title as project FROM tasks'
. ' JOIN projects ON tasks.project_id = projects.project_id';
$orderBy = ' ORDER BY date DESC';
if ($filter) {
$orderBy = ' ORDER BY projects.title ASC, date DESC';
}
try {
$results = $conn->prepare($sql . $orderBy);
$results->execute();
} catch (PDOException $e) {
echo 'Error:' . $e->getMessage() . "<br />";
return array();
}
return $results->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
}
function add_project($title, $category) {
// include 'db_connection.php';
$conn = connect_to_db();
try {
$sql = "INSERT INTO projects(title, category) VALUES (:title, :category)";
$results = $conn->prepare($sql);
$results->bindParam(':title', $title, PDO::PARAM_STR, 100);
$results->bindParam(':category', $category, PDO::PARAM_STR, 100);
if($results->execute()) {
echo '1 row has been inserted';
}
$conn = null;
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo 'Error: ' . $e->getMessage() . '<br />';
return false;
}
return true;
}
function add_task($title, $date, $time, $project_id) {
// include 'db_connection.php';
$conn = connect_to_db();
try {
$sql = "INSERT INTO tasks(title, date, time, project_id) VALUES (:title, :date, :time, :project_id)";
$results = $conn->prepare($sql);
$results->bindParam(':title', $title, PDO::PARAM_STR, 100);
$results->bindParam(':date', $date, PDO::PARAM_STR, 100);
$results->bindParam(':time', $time, PDO::PARAM_STR, 100);
$results->bindParam(':project_id', $project_id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
if($results->execute()) {
echo '1 row has been inserted';
}
$conn = null;
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo 'Error: ' . $e->getMessage() . '<br />';
return false;
}
return true;
}
try {
$conn = new PDO(DB_DRIVER . ":dbname=" . DB_DATABASE . ";host=" . DB_SERVER, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD);
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
//echo "Connected successfully";
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}
project_list.php
<?php
$pageTitle = "Project | Time Tracker";
$page = 'projects';
include('includes/functions.php');
include 'includes/header.php'; ?>
<div class="col-container">
<h1>Project List</h1>
<a class="addLink" href="project.php">Add project</a>
<ul class="projectList">
<?php
foreach (get_projects_list() as $item) {
echo '<li>' . $item['title'] . '</li>';
}
?>
</ul>
</div>
<?php include 'includes/footer.php';
header.phpの
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title><?php echo $pageTitle; ?></title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
<meta name="description" content="project list">
<meta name="keywords" content="">
<meta name="author" content="Evelia Molina">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Slab:400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/pre_style.css" type="text/css">
<link href="css/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
</head>
<body>
<svg style="display: none;">
<defs>
<svg id="logo_icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet">
<rect x="19.5" y="41.4" transform="matrix(0.7071 -0.7071 0.7071 0.7071 -24.2442 27.4475)" width="3" height="3.3"/>
<rect x="19.4" y="19.5" transform="matrix(0.7071 -0.7071 0.7071 0.7071 -8.7041 21.0111)" width="3.3" height="3"/>
<rect x="15" y="30.4" width="3" height="3.3"/>
<rect x="30.4" y="46.1" width="3.3" height="3"/>
<path d="M32,0C14.3,0,0,14.3,0,32c0,17.7,14.3,32,32,32s32-14.3,32-32C64,14.3,49.7,0,32,0z M32,55.6C19,55.6,8.4,45,8.4,32
C8.4,19,19,8.4,32,8.4S55.6,19,55.6,32C55.6,45,45,55.6,32,55.6z"/>
<path d="M48.9,30.4c0-0.2,0-0.4-0.1-0.6c0-0.2-0.1-0.4-0.1-0.6c-0.1-0.3-0.1-0.7-0.2-1c0-0.1-0.1-0.2-0.1-0.3
c-0.4-1.6-1-3.2-1.9-4.6c-0.2-0.4-0.5-0.7-0.7-1.1c0,0-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1c-0.3-0.4-0.6-0.8-1-1.2c0,0,0,0,0,0c0,0-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1
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c-0.3-0.2-0.5-0.3-0.8-0.5c-0.1-0.1-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.2c-0.1-0.1-0.3-0.1-0.4-0.2c-0.2-0.1-0.4-0.2-0.6-0.3c0,0,0,0,0,0
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c-0.1,0-0.1,0.1-0.2,0.1c0,0,0,0-0.1,0c0,0,0,0,0,0c-0.3,0.3-0.6,0.7-0.8,1.1c-0.9,1.8-0.1,3.9,1.6,4.7c1.1,0.5,2.3,0.5,3.3-0.1
c0,0,0.1,0,0.1,0c0.1-0.1,0.2-0.1,0.2-0.2c0.1,0,0.1-0.1,0.2-0.1c0,0,0,0,0.1,0c0,0,0,0,0,0l0,0c0,0,0,0,0,0
c3.8,4.3,7.2,8.2,8.9,10.1c1.7-1.5,3.1-3.3,4-5.2c0,0,0,0,0,0c0,0,0,0,0,0c0.2-0.5,0.4-0.9,0.6-1.4c0-0.1,0-0.1,0.1-0.2
c0.1-0.4,0.3-0.8,0.4-1.2c0.5-1.7,0.7-3.3,0.7-5c0-0.1,0-0.2,0-0.3C49,31.1,49,30.7,48.9,30.4z"/>
</svg>
<svg id="task_icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet">
<path d="M64,53.3l-10,9.6c-0.7,0.7-1.8,1.1-2.5,1.1l0,0l0,0c-1.1,0-1.8-0.4-2.5-1.1l-10-9.6l0,0l0,0l0,0l0,0V3.6c0-2.1,1.4-3.6,3.6-3.6h17.8C62.6,0,64,1.4,64,3.6V53.3L64,53.3L64,53.3z M56.9,7.1H46.2v7.1h10.7V7.1z M56.9,49.1V17.8H46.2v31.3l5.3,4.3l0,0L56.9,49.1z M21.3,64H3.6C1.4,64,0,62.6,0,60.4V3.6C0,1.4,1.4,0,3.6,0h17.8c2.1,0,3.6,1.4,3.6,3.6v56.9C24.9,62.6,23.5,64,21.3,64z M17.8,7.1H7.1v7.1h5.3c1.1,0,1.8,0.7,1.8,1.8s-0.7,1.8-1.8,1.8H7.1v7.1h1.8c1.1,0,1.8,0.7,1.8,1.8s-0.7,1.8-1.8,1.8H7.1v7.1h5.3c1.1,0,1.8,0.7,1.8,1.8c0,1.1-0.7,1.8-1.8,1.8H7.1v7.1h1.8c1.1,0,1.8,0.7,1.8,1.8s-0.7,1.8-1.8,1.8H7.1v7.1h10.7V7.1z"/>
</svg>
<svg id="project_icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet">
<path d="M60.4,64H3.6C1.4,64,0,62.6,0,60.4V3.6C0,1.4,1.4,0,3.6,0h24.9c1.4,0,2.5,0.7,3.2,2.1l5.7,12.1h23.1c2.1,0,3.6,1.4,3.6,3.6v42.7C64,62.6,62.6,64,60.4,64z M7.1,56.9h49.8V21.3h-22c-1.4,0-2.5-0.7-3.2-2.1L26.3,7.1H7.1V56.9z"/>
<path d="M60.4,7.1h-16c-2.1,0-3.6-1.4-3.6-3.6S42.3,0,44.4,0h16C62.6,0,64,1.4,64,3.6S62.6,7.1,60.4,7.1z"/>
</svg>
<svg id="report_icon" viewBox="0 0 64 64" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet">
<path d="M60.4,0H3.6C1.4,0,0,1.4,0,3.6v56.9C0,62.6,1.4,64,3.6,64h56.9c2.1,0,3.6-1.4,3.6-3.6V3.6C64,1.4,62.6,0,60.4,0zM56.9,56.9H7.1V7.1h49.8V56.9z"/>
<path d="M16.5,21.3h30.9c2.1,0,3.6-1.4,3.6-3.6c0-2.1-1.4-3.6-3.6-3.6H16.5c-2.1,0-3.6,1.4-3.6,3.6C13,19.9,14.4,21.3,16.5,21.3z" />
<path d="M16.5,35.6h30.9c2.1,0,3.6-1.4,3.6-3.6s-1.4-3.6-3.6-3.6H16.5c-2.1,0-3.6,1.4-3.6,3.6S14.4,35.6,16.5,35.6z"/>
<path d="M16.5,49.8h30.9c2.1,0,3.6-1.4,3.6-3.6s-1.4-3.6-3.6-3.6H16.5c-2.1,0-3.6,1.4-3.6,3.6S14.4,49.8,16.5,49.8z"/>
</svg>
</defs>
</svg>
<header class="header">
<div class="col-container">
<h1>
<a class="logo" href="./">
<svg viewbox="0 0 64 64" class="logo-icon"><use xlink:href="#logo_icon"></use></svg>
<span class="logo-name">Time Tracker</span>
</a>
</h1>
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item tasks<?php if ($page == "tasks") { echo " on"; } ?>"><a class="nav-link" href="task_list.php">Tasks</a></li>
<li class="nav-item projects<?php if ($page == "projects") { echo " on"; } ?>"><a class="nav-link" href="project_list.php">Projects</a></li>
<li class="nav-item reports<?php if ($page == "reports") { echo " on"; } ?>"><a class="nav-link" href="reports.php">Reports</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</header>
<div id="content">
footer.php
</div><!-- end content -->
<footer class="footer">
<div class="col-container">
<svg viewbox="0 0 64 64" class="logo-icon"><use xlink:href="#logo_icon"></use></svg>
<p class="footer-copy">© <?php echo date("Y"); ?> Time Tracker by Eve</p>
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
project.php
<?php require 'includes/functions.php';
$pageTitle = "Project | Time Tracker";
$page = 'projects';
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {
$title = filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'title', FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);
$category = filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'category', FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);
if(empty($title) || empty($category)) {
$error_message = "Title and category can not be empty";
} else {
if(add_project($title, $category)) {
header('Location: project_list.php');
exit;
} else {
$error_message = "Could not add project";
}
}
}
include 'includes/header.php';?>
<div class="col-container">
<h1>Add project</h1>
<?php
if (isset($error_message)) {
echo '<p class="message">' . $error_message . '</p>';
}
?>
<form method="POST" action="project.php">
<div>
<label for="title" class="required">Title</label>
<input name="title" id="title" type="text" value="" />
</div>
<div>
<label for="category" class="required">Category</label>
<select id="category" name="category">
<option value="">Select one</option>
<option value="Charity">charity</option>
<option value="Science">science</option>
<option value="Art">art</option>
</select>
</div>
<button class="submit" type="submit" name="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
<?php include 'includes/footer.php';
task.php
<?php require 'includes/functions.php';
$pageTitle = "Task | Time Tracker";
$page = 'tasks';
$project_id = $title = $date = $time = '';
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {
$project_id = filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'project_id', FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_INT);
$title = filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'title', FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);
$date = filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'date', FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);
$time = filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'time', FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);
$dateMatch = explode('/', $date);
if(empty($project_id) || empty($title) || empty($date) || empty($time)) {
$error_message = "Required fields can not be empty";
} elseif (count($dateMatch) != 3
|| strlen($dateMatch[0]) != 2
|| strlen($dateMatch[1]) != 2
|| strlen($dateMatch[2]) != 4
|| !checkdate($dateMatch[1], $dateMatch[0], $dateMatch[2])
) {
$error_message = "Please, introduce a valid date format";
} else {
if(add_task($title, $date, $time, $project_id)) {
header('Location: task_list.php');
exit;
} else {
$error_message = "Could not add task";
}
}
}
include 'includes/header.php';?>
<div class="col-container">
<h1>Add task</h1>
<?php
if (isset($error_message)) {
echo '<p class="message">' . $error_message . '</p>';
}
?>
<form method="POST" action="task.php">
<div>
<label for="project_id" class="required">Project</label>
<select name="project_id">
<option value="">Select one</option>
<?php foreach (get_projects_list() as $item) {
echo '<option value="' . $item['project_id'] . '"';
if ($project_id == $item['project_id']) {
echo 'selected';
}
echo '>' . $item['title'] . "</option>";
} ?>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<label for="title" class="required">Title</label>
<input name="title" type="text" value="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($title); ?>" />
</div>
<div>
<label for="date" class="required">Date</label>
<input name="date" type="text" value="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($date); ?>" />
</div>
<div>
<label for="time" class="required">Time</label>
<input name="time" type="text" value="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($time); ?>" />
</div>
<button class="submit" type="submit" name="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
<?php include 'includes/footer.php';
task_list.php
<?php
$pageTitle = "Task | Time Tracker";
$page = 'taks';
include('includes/functions.php');
include 'includes/header.php'; ?>
<div class="col-container">
<h1>Task List</h1>
<a class="addLink" href="task.php">Add task</a>
<ul class="taskList">
<?php
foreach (get_tasks_list() as $item) {
echo '<li>' . $item['title'] .' - In project: ' . $item['project'] . '</li>';
}
?>
</ul>
</div>
<?php include 'includes/footer.php';
reports.php
<?php require_once 'includes/functions.php';
$pageTitle = "Reports | Time Tracker";
$page = 'reports';
$filter = 'all';
include 'includes/header.php';?>
<div class="col-container">
<h1>Reports</h1>
<form method="GET" action="reports.php">
<label for="filter-by-project">Filter:</label>
<select name="filter-by-project">
<option value="">Select a project</option>
<?php
foreach(get_projects_list() as $item) {
echo '<option value="' . $item['project_id'] . '">' . $item['title'] . '</option>';
}
?>
</select>
<input class="button" type="submit" value="Run" />
</form>
<table>
<?php
$total = $project_id = $project_total = 0;
$tasks = get_tasks_list($filter);
foreach ($tasks as $item) {
if ($project_id != $item['project_id']) {
$project_id = $item['project_id'];
echo '<thead>';
echo '<tr>';
echo '<td>' . $item['project'] . '</td>';
echo '<td> Date </td>';
echo '<td> Time </td>';
echo '</tr></thead>';
}
$project_total += $item['time'];
$total += $item['time'];
echo '<tr>';
echo '<td>' . $item['title'] . '</td>';
echo '<td>' . $item['date'] . '</td>';
echo '<td>' . $item['time'] . '</td>';
echo '</tr>';
if (next($tasks)['project_id'] != $item['project_id']) {
echo '<tr>';
echo '<th colspan="2">Project Total</th>';
echo '<th>' . $project_total . '</th>';
echo '</tr>';
$project_total = 0;
}
}
?>
<tr class="totalReportTime">
<th colspan="2">Total</th>
<th><?php echo $total; ?></th>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<?php include 'includes/footer.php';
エラー私は接続で関数を作成した場合、私はすべての関数でdb_connection.phpファイルまたは同じエラーが含まれている場合：
Notice: Constant DB_SERVER already defined in /html/my_tracker/includes/functions.php on line 3
Notice: Constant DB_USER already defined in /html/my_tracker/includes/functions.php on line 4
Notice: Constant DB_PASSWORD already defined in /html/my_tracker/includes/functions.php on line 5
Notice: Constant DB_DATABASE already defined in /html/my_tracker/includes/functions.php on line 6
Notice: Constant DB_DRIVER already defined in /html/my_tracker/includes/functions.php on line 7
私はrequire_onceまたはinclude_onceのエラー：
Notice: Undefined variable: conn in /html/my_tracker/includes/functions.php on line 44
Fatal error: Call to a member function prepare() on a non-object in /html/my_tracker/includes/functions.php on line 44
Fatal error: Call to a member function query() on a non-object in /html/my_tracker/includes/functions.php on line 52
Fatal error: Call to a member function execute() on a non-object in /html/my_tracker/includes/functions.php on line 66
'require 'includes/functions.php';' - これも 'require_once'に変更しましたか？ 'include_once'には' include'が含まれていますか？彼らはまだあなたのコードの一部です。 –
コードウォールの警告！ –
はいFred-ii-そうしました。私は1ステップごとに投稿することはできません....できますか？ ジェイ・ブランチャード、私の他の記事では、（あなたを含めて）、私はコードを入れておく必要があると言いました。それを理解するには、すべてのファイルが必要ですよね？これは私が以前に意味していたものです。時にはイメージが1000語以上の価値があります。 私はちょうど質問をする方法を知りません.....だから、私に教えてください、私はどのようなコードを置くべきですか？ –