私はあなたの研究をJDK sourcesで始めるべきだと思います。そこには非常に有用なコメントがいくつかあります。 など。
/*
* KEYSTORE FORMAT:
*
* Magic number (big-endian integer),
* Version of this file format (big-endian integer),
*
* Count (big-endian integer),
* followed by "count" instances of either:
*
* {
* tag=1 (big-endian integer),
* alias (UTF string)
* timestamp
* encrypted private-key info according to PKCS #8
* (integer length followed by encoding)
* cert chain (integer count, then certs; for each cert,
* integer length followed by encoding)
* }
*
* or:
*
* {
* tag=2 (big-endian integer)
* alias (UTF string)
* timestamp
* cert (integer length followed by encoding)
* }
*
* ended by a keyed SHA1 hash (bytes only) of
* { password + whitener + preceding body }
*/